Senin, 31 Januari 2011

AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE ON JAKARTA POST

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Figurative language is language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. When a writer uses literal language, he or she is simply stating the facts as they are. Figurative language, in comparison, uses exaggerations or alterations to make a particular linguistic point. Figurative language is very common in poetry, but is also used in prose and nonfiction writing as well.
The objectives of the study are to describe the type of figurative language and to clarify the implicature of the figurative language on Jakarta Post. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. In collecting the data, the writer uses documentation method by selecting the figurative languages which can be found in Jakarta Post.
To achieve the objectives, the writer classifies the data based on the type of figurative language and applies pragmatic context to describe the implicature. The results of the study show that regarding the (1) types of figurative language, the writer found the types of figurative languages as follows: hiperbole, personification and imagery.
Using figurative language helps you write with expression and feeling; your writing will capture the heart and mind of all!

1.2 Statement of the Problem
Well, Regarding to the background of the study above, I managed to get some kinds of questions that always bugged me :
1.2.1 What is a Figurative Language
1.2.2 How to make a Figurative Language
1.2.3 How to use Figurative Language in writing news
1.2.4 How to Identify the Figurative Language especially in Newspaper

1.3 Purpose of the study
Based onthe statemen above, the purpose of the study are :
1.3.1 To find out what is a Figurative Language
1.3.2 To find out how to make a Figurative Language
1.3.3 To be able to write a news using Figurative Language
1.3.4 Able to identify Figurative Language especially which written in Newspaper

1.4 Significance of the Study
This study is significant because the result is intend to become on input for :
1.4.1 The Teacher
This study is intended to become a source of information for using Figurative language and improve it with the certain techniques in teaching English, so they can teach effectively and find out the appropriate methods of teaching Figurative Language. As the result, the students will be able to learn faster. As a note, the writer (my self ^_^) hope the teacher to find out the best methods to teach student to understand Figurative Language and this method seem a great method ATM IMO (I mean based on the equipment and condition). Feel free to try this method or develop it into the greater way.

1.4.2 To the Student
The students are expected to become competent readers which able to identify the figurative Language in newspaper very well. Having lots of informations about it can help them to learn Figurative Langiuage very fast. However, to achieve that goal, students need to be able to know on how to identify and write Figurative Language.
It is expected this method will bring the light in the darkness for them as the knowledge in Figurative Language can save them from certain situation.

1.5 Limitation of the Study
The Study will only focuses on how to identify the Figurative Language and how to use it. It is not only limited in newspaper but it will explain on how insert it in any writing things. It will not specifically cover on how to use it into poem and ‘any of the kinds’ as the news and the poem are different.
However writing news and story is almost the same but not identical, so the writer will limit it on how to identify and using Figurative Language.
To make it even clear, the writer will limit it into Identifying the Figurative Language in Jakarta Post Only and hope the reader will understand on how to make it. The writer believe if the readers able to identify it (especially in newspaper), they will have no problem placing it into writing news or the other kinds.

1.6 The Definitions of key terms
The definitions of key terms are stated below in order to make everything clear and avoid any miss interpretation of term.
• Analysis
Here are the meaning of Analysis based on OnlineDictionary.com, Cambridge and Oxford Dictionary
1. The process of separating a whole into its parts to discover their function, relationship
2. An investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole
3. the abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts in order to study the parts and their relations
• Jakarta Post
Jakarta Post is a daily English language newspaper in Indonesia. With an average circulation of around 50,000 copies, it is the largest English language newspaper in Indonesia. The paper is owned by PT Bina Media Tenggara, and the head office is in the nation's capital, Jakarta. The newspaper was launched on 25 April 1983 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jakarta_Post)
• Writing
Writing is the representation of language in a textual medium through the use of a set of signs or symbols (known as a writing system) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing)
• Reading
Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols for the intention of deriving meaning (reading comprehension) and/or constructing meaning (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_(process))
• Identify
To recognize or be able to name (someone or something), or to prove who or what (someone or something) is. (Pocket Digital Cambridge Dictionary of American English)
• News
Information about something. It can be digital but usually printed or broadcast report of information about important events in the World, the Country, or the local Area. (Pocket Digital Cambridge Dictionary of American English)
• Newspaper
Newspaper is regularly printed document consisting of news reports, articles, photographs and advertisement that are printed on large sheets of paper folded together but not permanently joined. (Pocket Digital Cambridge Dictionary of American English)








CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED THEORY

2.1 A Brief Explanation of Figurative Language
The term "figurative language" refers to bypassing the literal meaning to deepen, broaden, or bring about new ideas or insights into a word or phrase. In many ways, figurative language is a description, in which abstract terms are used in place of concrete description. This type of language appeals to one's imagination and creates visual images to display the impact of what is being written. Figurative language can include many words and phrases, and there are several types of figurative language. Most commonly, it can refer to making comparisons, repeating sounds, exaggerating or creating an appeal to the senses
Figurative language and all of its types are used in writing to convey emotion, create mental pictures and even replace reality. It is used to add description and feeling to a piece of writing. It can create an unconventional image that goes beyond how something is normally perceived. Figurative language is used in all types of writing, most often in poetry. But it is also used in everyday speech. Often, when speaking, individuals add in lots of figurative language when describing a person, place or event, or when telling a story.
Figurative Language is a use of a language that diverges from its normal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it such as a metaphor, simile, or personification. Figurative Languange often provide emphasis, freshness of expression, or clarity. However, clarity may also suffer from their use, as any figure of language introduces an ambiguity between literal and figurative interpretation

It is important to understand what is the figurative language itself before we make an analysis in the media like in Jakarta Post.
Figurative language refers to a way of using description to create a special image and bring out one's emotions. It is also closely linked to the senses. There are several types of figurative language. Figurative language is an important part of writing and is also widely used in speech.
In other words, Whenever you describe something by comparing it with something else, you are using figurative language.
Any language that goes beyond the literal meaning of words in order to furnish new effects or fresh insights into an idea or a subject. The most common figures of speech are simile, metaphor, and alliteration.
many of these Figurative language is often associated with literature--and with poetry in particular. But the fact is, whether we're conscious of it or not, we use figures of speech every day in our own writing and conversations.


2.2 Kinds of Figurative Language
To achieve the objectives, the writer classifies the data based on the type of figurative language and applies pragmatic context to describe the implicature. The results of the study show that regarding the types of figurative language in Jakarta Post, the writer found the types of figurative languages as follows: Imagery, Hiperbole
1. Imagery
Language that appeals to the senses. Descriptions of people or objects stated in terms of our senses
 Some of people think Tobacco as the best silent killer
 Chelsea is the devil
 Manchester United is the chicken
We can describe anything as what we want. Imagery describes anything into our sense.

2. Simile
Simile is when you compare two nouns (persons, places or things) that are unlike, with "like" or "as."

 “Soccer is like boxing”
 Sadness is as happy as laughter.
 "The water is like the sun."
"The water is like the sun" is an example of simile because water and the sun have little in common, and yet they're being compared to one another. The "is" is also part of what makes this stanza an example of simile.

3. Metaphor
A figure of speech which involves an implied comparison between two relatively unlike things using a form of be. The comparison is not announced by like or as
 Tobaccoes is a mountain of gold.
 The road was a ribbon of moonlight
 The teacher is a hero without badge
To identify Metaphor, We can see the two unlike things combined with ‘Be’

4. Hyperbole
An exaggerated statement used to heighten effect. It is not used to mislead the reader, but to emphasize a point.
 There are an estimated 700,000 tobacco farmers in the country and hundreds of thousands of workers employed by cigarette companies.
 She’s said so on several million occasions
 attended by about 10,000 tobacco farmers at Temanggung Square on Saturday.
We can easily indicate the three of them as hyperbole because the three of them heighten the fact.
5. Idioms
Idioms is Language specific expressions. It is already exist. To understand about it we should read Dictionary covering about Idioms like Cambridge and Oxford Idioms Dictionary.
 Hit the jackpot = have great or unexpected success
 Improve the shinning Hour = make good use of time
 Kill two birds with one stone = Achieve two aims at one



CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
Based on background of the study, the author (myself) trying to identify the figurative language in the Jakarta Post. The research done using descriptive qualitative design by checking the news in jakarta post and identify the Figurative Language.

3.2 Subject of the Study
1. Population
Population is ato him. It does only group of person or individual having quality or characteristics in common (Hadi. 1982:220). What is mean by population according to him, it ddoes only refer to person or human beings, but it can also refer to animals or things. In this study, the population is the Jakarta Post.
2. Sample
Sample is part of population that present all the population and it must be equal in characteristic at all subject (Ary, 1979:129). A sample is a part of population from which the research data are drawn.the sample is hoped to present which the Population since the generalization of research result is for the population.
In this research, the research takes cluster sampling. It is just 4 news from thousands of news.
Here are the chosen sample:
 Tobacco farmers rally against `extinction'
Suherdjoko, The Jakarta Post, Temanggung | Mon, 05/10/2010 1:00 PM | Headlines
 RI men's, women's teams crush Australia
Agnes Winarti, The Jakarta Post, Kuala Lumpur | Mon, 05/10/2010 1:00 PM | Headlines
 Chelsea beats Wigan 8-0 to win Premier League
The Associated Press, London | Mon, 05/10/2010 12:02 AM | Headlines


3. Research Procedure of Collecting the Data and Data Analysis.
To get specific information about the Figurative Language, the Researcher uses Observation and Analysis.
1. Observation
The writer observe news in Jakarta Post using Laptop. While observing, the newspaper was collected randomly.
The observation took the news from date may 10 2010.
2. Analysis
The sample from several news from Jakarta Post is being Analized an documented.

3.3 Procedure of Collecting and Analysis the Data
The data of this study is obtained from the instrument stated previously.
1. Collecting the Data
The writer collecting the data by write down the Figurative Language from the randomly chosen news in Jakarta Post. Data was collected based on the Figurative Language found in it.
2. Data Analysis
The collected data was Analized by observing (comparing the data with the explanation from Figurative Language earlier)
Lots of Figurative Language was found like in the example in the Chapter II.
Here are some of them taken from sample 1:

 "It's not a political move. We just want to protect tobacco farmers. I've talked to Magelang and Wonosobo Regents. They agreed. The others will follow," Hasyim said after joining a mass prayer attended by about 10,000 tobacco farmers at Temanggung Square on Saturday.
 There are an estimated 700,000 tobacco farmers in the country and hundreds of thousands of workers employed by cigarette companies.
 "They should know tobacco farmers are also citizens who have rights to live. So, don't issue regulations that would kill us," he said.










References

http://www.ehow.com/about_5470479_definition-figurative-language.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figures_of_speech
http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/
http://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/figuresterms.htm
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/05/10/chelsea-beats-wigan-80-win-premier-league.html
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/05/10/ri-men039s-women039s-teams-crush-australia.html
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/05/10/tobacco-farmers-rally-against-extinction039.html
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/05/10/strong-quake-quickens-pulses-aceh-does-little-else.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification
http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/metaphorterm.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/hyperboleterm.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/metaphorterm.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/figlangterm.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/qaaboutrhetoric/f/faqmetaphor07.htm

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